A nurse is caring for a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI). The client's urine output over the past 8 hours has been 90 mL. Which physiological explanation best describes why urine output is decreased in this phase of AKI?
- Reduced glomerular filtration rate leads to decreased filtrate formation and diminished urine output
- Increased aldosterone secretion causes excessive sodium and water excretion into the urine
- Damaged renal tubules are unable to concentrate filtrate and reabsorb water effectively, reducing urine formation
- The kidneys are producing excess dilute urine due to tubular hyperfiltration