The parents of a 7-year-old boy bring him to the pediatric clinic for a well-child visit. They report he recently started second grade and ask the nurse what developmental skills they should expect him to demonstrate at this age. They mention he enjoys playing card games with the family, has a best friend at school, and sometimes argues that rules are unfair when he loses. Which response by the nurse best reflects normal cognitive and social development for a school-age child?
- "Having only one best friend is a social concern at this age; children between 6 and 8 years should have multiple peer groups and broad social networks."
- "Arguing about rules at his age suggests early signs of oppositional defiant disorder and should be evaluated by a behavioral specialist."
- "He should be able to think abstractly and hypothetically by now; if he cannot, a cognitive developmental delay may be present."
- "His ability to understand rules and fairness is typical; school-age children develop logical thinking and begin to judge situations by intentions rather than outcomes."